The beauty of a scientific program, whether it be centered around a module orbiting the planet or a subatomic particle riding a narrow, ring-shaped corridor underground, is that it compels its participants to solve bigger problems in new and untried ways. The space program prompted NASA to create new ways to envision the way computers work. “Software” was a catch-phrase NASA engineers came up with to refer to digital programs that did the work of mechanisms. Shipping containers packed with servers outside Kennedy Space Center and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory became the seeds for the world’s first clouds.